McDonalds Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9500 words

McDonalds Business Strategy - Essay Example By 1968, the chain contained 1,000 units, which rose to 5,000 units by 1978. By 2001, the organization worked around 30,000 units around the world. While keeping menus restricted, McDonald's differentiated its range from its unique burgers and cheeseburgers. In 1964, the organization propelled its Filet-o-Fish sandwich, trailed by signature burger the Big Mac in 1968, Happy Meals in 1979 and Chicken McNuggets in 1983. (Keynote, 2003; Leitch; 2004) While most of deals stay focused on hamburgers and French fries, beverages and pastries are significant and the brand intermittently tries different things with other menu augmentations, for example, servings of mixed greens and nearby specialities. McDonald’s at present preparing for the presentation of another serving of mixed greens run in 2006. The late-1990s saw McDonald's work day its center, as burger inexpensive food, particularly in the US, appeared to be hazardously packed and experienced. Thusly, McDonald’s concentrated on expansion, presenting new menu things and intending to pull in an increasingly grown-up segment, while holding its center buyer base of youngsters. 2000 saw the presentation of plates of mixed greens, low-fat treats and a more extensive decision of chicken and fish burgers. The organization additionally started to loosen up the McDonald's equation, presenting increasingly local menu varieties and trying different things with new arrangements, for example, cafã ©s and stands. This technique of enhancement additionally brought about various acquisitions during the audit time frame, seeing a move away from its conventional single-brand center. In 1998, McDonald’s bought London-based espresso chain Aroma and in 1999 and 2000 McDonald’s bought US chains Donatos Pizzeria with an acc entuation on â€Å"home-prepared meal† style cheap food. ... The organization likewise started to loosen up the McDonald's recipe, presenting progressively local menu varieties and trying different things with new arrangements, for example, cafs and booths. This technique of enhancement additionally brought about various acquisitions during the survey time frame, seeing a move away from its conventional single-brand center. In 1998, McDonald's bought London-based espresso chain Aroma and in 1999 and 2000 McDonald's bought US chains Donatos Pizzeria (Ohio based), Mexican self-administration cafeteria brand Chipotle (Denver based) and Boston Market with an accentuation on home-prepared feast style cheap food. Past acquisitions, McDonald's likewise made a progression of vital speculations. In February 2001, McDonald's gained a minority intrigue (33%) in the British sandwich chain Pret a Manger. In 2002, McDonald's framed a joint endeavor with Fazoli's, a quick easygoing Italian café idea situated in Lexington, Kentucky, to create 20-30 Fazoli's eateries in the US. (Leitch; 2004) This additionally gave McDonald's the alternative to buy the whole organization sometime in the not too distant future. The organization likewise opened its first multibranded unit, offering Boston Market, Donatos and McDonald's. Be that as it may, these acquisitions didn't demonstrate entirely effective. In 2002, the organization encountered a troublesome year, coming full circle in its first since forever quarterly misfortune. This horrible showing was halfway because of powerless economies in Latin America and APMEA (Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa) and to expanding rivalry in develop US and Western Europe an cheap food. In any case, the organization likewise felt that its methodology of brand expansion was weakening its attention on center brand McDonald's. In 2002, Aroma was offered to Caff Nero and in 2003

Hardware Clouds--Pros and Cons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Equipment Clouds- - Pros and Cons - Essay Example Customarily, mists just help the product administrations wherein the equipment segment is given by the end clients. In any case, because of expanding intricacy of the innovation just as evolving necessities, it turns out to be all the more exorbitant and useful for the organizations to likewise utilize equipment mists. Aside from this, equipment mists can assist associations with saving expenses on foundation advancement, development costs just as vitality investment funds. (Low, Chen, and Wu, 2011) 2. The movability of the equipment mists wherein firms offer equipment cloud servers stuffed in holders and can be stopped even from parking areas proposes that the organizations can exploit the convenientce offered by equipment mists. 3. Equipment mists are totally versatile in nature consequently associations can really tailor them as indicated by their own necessities. Off-the-rack equipment frequently can't satisfy the specific necessities of the associations in any case, because of adaptability of the equipment cloud, it offers a feasible choice to access equipment customized precisely as indicated by the prerequisites. Despite the fact that the above advantages of equipment distributed computing can be sufficiently adequate to permit firms to go for such authoritative move as far as overseeing data innovation assets be that as it may, equipment mists may not satisfy all the necessities of the organizations. Equipment mists may not be useful under after conditions: 1. One of the key zones where equipment cloud can neglect to give results is the issue of execution. Particularly on the open mists, numerous associations might be having a similar equipment consequently the presentation may back off. Further, even with the devoted equipment, additional heap on the equipment can slow the execution of procedures and along these lines result into loss of effectiveness. (Sharif, 2010) 2. Single equipment mists work in single point in this way the disappointment of the equipment can close

The Collapse of Lehman Brothers A Case Study

The Collapse of Lehman Brothers A Case Study A little over a decade ago, something unexpected happened in the banking sector in the United States, sending out huge ripples that greatly shook the financial industry, both in the United States and across the globe.On September 15 2008, Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy protection, thereby shaking consumer confidence in the economy and sending out the message that no institution was too big to fail.The collapse of Lehman Brothers was significant for a number of reasons.At the time, Lehman Brothers was United States’ fourth largest investment bank and employed over 25,000 people across the globe.At the time of filing for bankruptcy, the bank had $639 billion in assets and $619 in debt, making this the largest bankruptcy filing ever, even surpassing the collapse of other giants such as Enron and WorldCom.The Lehman bankruptcy filing was more than one and half the size of Sweden’s GDP in the same year.The collapse also made Lehman Brothers the largest victim of the 2008 financi al crisis, which was induced by subprime mortgages, at least in the US.The collapse of Lehman Brothers intensified the financial crisis and contributed to the global equity markets losing close to $10 trillion in market capitalization in October 2008.At the time, this was the biggest ever monthly decline.What made Lehman Brother’s bankruptcy filing even more shocking was that it came less than a year after the bank had posted its biggest profits ever, and after repeated assurances by the bank’s chief executives that its leverage was manageable, that liquidity levels were high, and that the bank’s overall finances were looking good.Finally, owing to the bank’s global footprint and cross-border interdependencies, the aftershocks that followed its collapse were felt all across the globe and directly affected thousands of financial market participants.The bank’s bankruptcy filing led to more than 75 other distinct bankruptcy filings.In this case study, we are going to look at a brief history of Lehman Brothers and the errors that led to its massive collapse. HISTORY OF LEHMAN BROTHERSLike many other companies playing at the global stage, Lehman Brothers had quite a humble beginning.In the early 1840’s, a German immigrant named Henry Lehman opened up a general store that sold utensils, dry goods and groceries to cotton farmers in Montgomery, Alabama.A few years later, in 1850, Henry’s two brothers, Emanuel and Mayer, decided to join Henry in the business, and that is how Lehman Brothers was born.Soon after, the brothers realized that buying and selling cotton was more lucrative, and so they abandoned the general merchandising business in favor of trading in cotton.The brothers then opened an office in New York and were instrumental in setting up the commodities futures trading business in the US when they opened the New York Cotton Exchange. Lehman Brothers also helped establish the Petroleum and Coffee Exchange.In the early 1900s, Lehman Brothers sta rted intermediating funding for the industrial, retail and transportation giants that were emerging at the time, and their business shifted from dealing with commodities to merchant banking.In 1925, a grandson of Emanuel Lehman known as Robert Lehman took over the reins of the firm and led it until death.During his time at the helm, Robert Lehman turned Lehman Brothers into a well-known investment bank.It became an important asset on Wall Street, helping leading U.S and international companies in mergers and acquisitions, underwriting securities offerings and giving financial advice.Lehman remained privately owned and under the control of the Lehman family until Robert Lehman’s death in 1969.As the US economy grew and prospered, Lehman Brothers grew and prospered with it, though the growth was not without its challenges.In the 1800s, it was the railroad bankruptcies. In the 1930s, there was the Great Depression. Then there was the two world wars.In 1994, the bank was spun off by A merican Express, leading to a capital shortage. In 1998, there was the Russian debt default.Lehman Brothers survived all these challenges and potential disasters, and therefore it came as a surprise when the bank was finally brought down by the collapse of the U.S housing market.At the time of the Lehman Brothers’ collapse, the bank’s main business areas were typical investment banking, as well as capital markers, fixed income, equities, and investment management.The investment banking arm of the bank dealt with provision of financial services, such as underwritings, mergers and acquisitions, and issuance of securities.REPEALING OF THE GLASS-STEAGALL ACTMany financial experts believe that the first factor that contributed to the demise of Lehman Brothers was the repealing of the Glass-Steagall Act.The Glass-Steagall Act, passed in the wake of the Great Depression of the 1930s, separated the interests of investment and commercial banks.This, in essence, prevented competition betw een commercial and investment banks and protected their balance sheets by allowing each to focus on its strongest areas.Under this legislation, commercial banks typically handled capital intensive investments, such as corporate and real estate investments, while investment banks dealt with highly liquid, asset-light investments.Aside from separating the interests of investment and commercial banks, the Glass Steagall Act was a way of protecting the economy from mass collapse.In case one sector failed, this legislation ensured that the other would remain strong rather being dragged down as well, therefore preventing the entire economy from going down.In 1999, however, President Clinton signed into law the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, thereby making it possible for investment and commercial banks to once again compete directly with each other.The ensuing competition would turn out to be disastrous, not only for Lehman Brothers, but also for the global economy.With the Glass-Steagall Act re pealed, Lehman Brothers fervently went after the US housing market, which was experiencing a boom at the time.Between 2003 and 2004, the bank became a key player in the housing market and acquired give mortgage lenders, including Aurora Loan Services and BNC Mortgage, two subprime lenders who specialized in Alt-A loans.Initially, these acquisitions looked like wise decisions. Between 2004 and 2006, Lehman Brothers recorded a 56% growth in revenue from its real estate business alone.Starting from 2005, Lehman Brothers reported record profits, and in 2007, the bank posted revenues of $19.3 billion and a record net income of $4.2 billion.In February 2007, the firm’s stock price rose to an all-time high of $86.18 per share, giving Lehman Brothers a market cap of almost $60 billion.Despite the exceptional profits and the rise in Lehman Brothers’ stock price, it had started becoming apparent that the U.S housing market was approaching a bubble burst.By the first quarter of 2007, defau lts on subprime mortgages had reached their highest point in 7 years.On 13 March 2007, just a day before Lehman Brothers posted record revenues and profits for the first quarter of 2007, its stock experienced its biggest one-day drop in five years, due to growing worries that the increasing rate of defaults in the subprime mortgages markets would affect the bank’s profitability.The firm’s CFO, however, assured shareholders that the defaults were well contained, and that the delinquencies in the subprime market would not cross over to the rest of the housing market.TROUBLE STARTS BREWING FOR LEHMAN BROTHERSDespite the record profits posted by Lehman Brothers in the first quarter of 2007, that year would turn out to be a tumultuous year for firms in the housing market.In August 2007, two hedge funds operated by Bear Stearns failed completely.At the time, Bear Stearns was Lehman Brothers’ biggest rival in Wall Street. The failure of Bear Stearns two hedge funds eroded investor co nfidence in the market, and Lehman’s stock experienced a sharp decline.In the same month, Lehman Brothers shut down its BNC unit, did away with about 2500 mortgage related jobs and closed the offices of Alt-A lender Aurora in 3 states.Despite the market conditions not looking promising, Lehman Brothers did not slow down on its mortgage backed securities.That year, the firm was the biggest underwriter of mortgage backed securities, resulting in an $111 billion portfolio, which was about four times the firm’s shareholder’s equity.At the same time, the firm’s chief executives continually reassured the press and shareholders of the firm’s financial strength and downplayed the concerns that there was danger in the domestic and global economies.In the fourth quarter of 2007, there was a temporary rebound in the market.Prices for fixed income assets rebounded, global equity markets reached new highs, and Lehman’s stock experienced a rebound.This was the perfect time for the fir m to trim its portfolio of high-risk, illiquid assets.Unfortunately, the firm failed to do this, and looking back, this would turn out to be the firm’s last chance to reduce its massive mortgage portfolio.THE COLLAPSE OF LEHMAN BROTHERSIn March 2008, Bear Stearns, which was second to Lehman Brothers in underwriting of mortgage backed securities, almost collapsed and was only saved by financial injection from JP Morgan, backed by the Federal Reserve.The near-collapse of Bear Stearns created fear that Lehman Brothers would be the next Wall Street firm to fail, and its shares dropped by as much as 48%. In the second quarter of 2007, Lehman Brothers posted losses of $2.8 billion.Seeing its bleak outlook, Lehman Brothers issued preferred stock that could be converted into Lehman shares at 32% premium.By so doing, the firm raised about $6 billion, thereby helping to slightly raise investor confidence in the company, though the confidence was short lived.The conditions in the credit mark et continued deteriorating, and by the end of the first half of 2008, the stock price of Lehman Brothers had fallen by 73% compared to January the same year.In August 2008, as it approached its third quarter reporting deadline, the firm announced intentions to let go 1500 employees, about 6% of its workforce.On 22 August, 2008, there were reports that a deal was underway for the state-controlled Korea Development Bank to purchase Lehman Brothers. These reports led to a 5% increase in Lehman Shares.Unfortunately, these gains were quickly reversed when the Korea Development Bank announced that it was having trouble attracting partners for the deal and pleasing regulators.On September 9, Korea Development Bank announced that it had put the talks on hold, resulting in Lehman shares plunging to $7.79.Things continued going south for Lehman Brothers.When time came to release financial statements for the third fiscal quarter, the firm posted additional losses of $3.9 billion.The release of the third quarter financial statements resulted in the firm’s stock price plummeting to $3.64, representing a 94% decline from January the same year.Seeing that the firm was in a grave crisis, CEO Richard Fuld attempted to keep the firm afloat by announcing a plan to sell the firm’s real estate holdings. Unfortunately, there were no willing buyers.To make matters worse, the United States Treasury made it clear that it would not step in to bail out Lehman Brothers.Instead, the Treasury encouraged other financial institutions such as Bank of America and Barclays to acquire Lehman Brothers and save it from its impending collapse.None of the potential acquirors agreed to a deal, and eventually, on Sunday September 15, 2008, Lehman Brothers admitted defeat, and under advice from the United States Treasury, the firm filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy protection, before the markets opened on Monday.AFTERMATH OF THE LEHMAN BROTHERS COLLAPSEWhile there are other factors that contributed to the subsequent economic turmoil, the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers seemed to be the one event that triggered the widespread economic recession that continued well into 2009.This was the biggest economic crisis ever since the Great Depression.Following the bankruptcy filing by Lehman Brothers on September 15 2008. The Dow Jones dropped by 504 points once the markets opened.On September 16, Barclays agreed to a deal to purchase Lehman Brothers’ US capital markets division at $1.75 billion.The resulting financial crisis also took insurance giant AIG to the brink of total collapse. The federal government was forced to step in and save the insurance giant with a financial bailout package worth $182 billion.Owing to its Lehman Brothers exposure, the stocks of the Primary Fund also experienced a very sharp decline, dropping to below $1 per share.Following the collapse of Lehman Brothers and subsequent financial crisis, over 6 million people lost their jobs and unemployment in the United States rose by 10%.It also led to the controversial passage of the Trouble Asset Relief Program on October 3 2008, which saw the US government step in with a $700 billion bailout package to rescue what remained of the country’s financial sector.The 2008 financial crisis also led to the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act, which was passed with the aim of increasing financial regulation.The effect of the collapse of Lehman Brothers was not restricted to the United States.Across the world, people confidence in the global banks and hedge funds dropped greatly and credit markets froze. The economies of countries like Lithuania, Hungary and Latvia were devastated.Even the European Union was majorly affected. Government officials in Iceland announced that the government had no funds to support the country’s major banks, while Pakistan was forced to seek a bailout from the International Monetary Fund (IMF).WHAT REALLY WENT WRONG?Ever since its foundation back in the early 1840s, Lehman Brot hers surmounted multiple tests and trials over a period of more than one and a half centuries.Therefore, it is unfathomable that one isolated incident was all it would take to make the Wall Street giant go belly up. So, what really went wrong?The collapse of Lehman Brothers can be attributed to a series of factors that, combined together, put it in a position it could not extract itself from.These factors are:Lies by its CEO Richard FuldWhen the housing market started showing cracks in 2007, Lehman Brothers was deeply involved in a highly aggressive and leveraged business model.However, many other Wall Street firms at the time employed the same model, so how did they survive while Lehman Brothers went belly up?The difference is that some of the firms had the foresight to recognize that the US housing market was facing a pending collapse, and they therefore took the time to evaluate what a high default rate would do to their business.Lehman’s CEO, Richard Fuld, on the other hand, d id not take the time to evaluate market conditions.When others firms started reducing their leverage, Lehman Brothers continued increasing their asset portfolio in mortgage-backed security investments, which were very risky given market conditions.That was not all.At some point, Fuld realized that his strategy was not working as he expected, and he had an opportunity to take responsibility and admit that he had made an error.Had Fuld spoken out truthfully about the firm’s financial health in time, there would have been time to come up with good solutions on how to prevent the firm continuing its headlong march towards its inevitable collapse.For instance, if they had been given a notice early enough, financial institutions such as Barclays and Bank of America would have had enough time to come up with a plan to save Lehman from its imminent collapse.Unfortunately, instead of being truthful, Fuld repeatedly assured shareholders and the press that the firm was financially healthy an d was not facing any foreseeable concerns.Speaking out would also have made the federal government aware of the situation Lehman Brothers was in and allowed it to take actionable measures to minimize losses and protect the firm from total collapse.By choosing to paint a rosy picture of the bank’s financial health, Fuld made it impossible for outsiders to know the actual situation the firm was in until it was too late.Complicity by CFO Erin CallanEven though Lehman CEO Richard Fuld chose to lie to the public that the firm was not facing any foreseeable concerns, the banks financial reports would have shown a different picture.To keep shareholders and other stakeholders fooled, CFO Callan gave approval of Lehman’s assets to be siphoned away into Hudson Castle, a phantom subsidiary of Lehman’s.By siphoning of Lehman’s assets into Hudson Castle misrepresented Lehman’s financial health and made sure its balance sheets did not show any sign of trouble.This misrepresentation of f inancial health was applied on two consecutive quarters.Following the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the investigations that followed confirmed that the siphoning of Lehman assets to Hudson Castle was not done for tax benefits, but to create the illusion that the illusion that Lehman Brothers was financial stable and secure.While this was not an illegal strategy, it intentionally kept shareholders from being aware of the bank’s dangerously high leverage, since awareness of the same would have eroded shareholder confidence in the firm’s operations.As with the CEO’s decision to lie, the firm would have been better off had the CFO not been complicit to the CEO’s lies by misrepresenting financial information.Negligence by Ernst YoungAt the time of Lehman’s impeding collapse, Ernst Young were the only outsiders who were aware of the actual situation at Lehman Brothers and the extensive steps the firm’s executive leadership was taking to conceal the firm’s financial woes.As a firm of certified public accountants, Ernst Young was expected to honor and uphold the industry’s code of ethics.However, Ernst Young choose to neglect its responsibility of honestly disclosing what was going on at Lehman Brothers.This was a highly unethical blunder that put Ernst Young’s highly respected reputation at risk.It is presumed that Ernst Young chose to turn a blind eye because Lehman Brothers was at the time one of their biggest and most lucrative clients.WRAPPING UPThe collapse of Lehman Brothers was a significant and unfortunate event in the history of the US financial industry.The collapse was significant because it killed the general public’s illusion that some institutions were too big to fail.At the same time, the collapse was unfortunate because it was essentially caused by the unethical behavior of the firm’s executive leaders and professional advisors.They consciously made the decision to deceive and manipulate the bank’s shareholders and the gen eral public, and the consequences for this deception proved too dire, not only for the firm, but also for the economy as a whole.The main lesson from the collapse of Lehman Brothers is that transparency and accountability are very important, regardless of how dire the circumstances mat seem.

Ozment And The Lutheran Reformation Essay - 1403 Words

Ozment The Lutheran Reformation By: Hanan M. Madbouly Long before Martin Luther was one of Germany’s most famous reformers, Lucas Cranach a painter from Franconia served sixteen years as a court painter in Wittenberg. Wittenberg turned out to be the center for the Renaissance; this small town would be where the Renaissance would emerge. As Luther references it, it became the birthplace of religious pluralism and independent beliefs for freedom that we tend to hold dear today. By doing so, these two men were attracted to one another for the cause of reform, on the cultural, domestic, religious, and political fronts. Cranach had taken up residence in the city in 1505 right around the time Saxon princes seemed to be redeveloping their townhouses, castles, grounds, and churches. From the very beginning of his work Cranach presented a new outlook on are for that time. With this status Cranach was able to raise to the top of his field, very few artists of the time were given the luxuries he receivedfor his role as the new court painter. Be It Durer of the sixteen century, or Picasso of the twentieth seemed to have created the many art genres as Cranach did in his lifetime. Furthermore as a quick painter, and all over businessman, Cranach’s works pushed him to the top, where Durer being his rival. Being a master at his own craft, Cranach did not seem to believe in that fully. Before coming to know Luther,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Martin Luther and The German Peasant Revolt of 15251949 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"Under the outward appearance of the gospel, they honor and serve the devil, thus deserving death in body and soul ten times over.† Luther’s brutal words against the rebelling peasants of Germany in 1525 reveal the complex reality of the Reformation. Suppression of the rebellion by the German aristocracy was swift and violent, leaving over 70,000 German peasants dead. The rebellion targeted the social and political oppression of the peasantry in the early 16th century. The peasants found new

Censorship Is Justified - 631 Words

Censorship is sometimes justified Whether censorship is justified is always a controversial issue that attracts great public attention, and views of different people might vary greatly. As far as I am concerned, I tend to think that the censorship in China is somehow justified otherwise how can China developed so rapidly for the recent years. I know there are many voices against the censorship of our country, but let’s think from another way, how can we build our welfare and prosperity culture without certain kinds of proper censorship in china? Censorship is the best justified method to make sure everyones rights. In a society which is made up by variety of people, there must be some law that everyone follows to make the society†¦show more content†¦n all, let me say in a justified way: â€Å"censorship is surely justified and will absolutely make our life better andShow MoreRelatedIs Censorship By Government Justified?1497 Words   |  6 Pages1104 28 April 2015 Is censorship by government justified? Censorship has been broadly connected with the media from last couple of decades. These subject is all that much dubious and present in every single key zone of public expression, which commonly go under the civil argument from every community throughout the world. There are numerous articles composed on the subject of censorship and we will talk about the contentions in distinctive articles and its dependability. Censorship, the concealment ofRead MoreEssay on Is Censorship Justified?1174 Words   |  5 PagesIs Censorship Justified? 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Mkt Research Free Essays

string(36) " new or improved products/services\." Assessment activity 1 1. 1   In conducting research on behalf of your organization or for a client organization, what factors could influence the choice of sources used? The intention of the research and also the types of products and services. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Mkt Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2   Why can data and information cross-checks and cross-references be necessary when doing research? It is important not to rely on a single piece of information if you can avoid it, so also look for corroborating evidence unless the source is absolutely unimpeachable. Use reliable sources or cross-check and find supporting data wherever possible. Knowing how data was obtained is central to knowing its value. If the information comes from a survey look to find the sample source and size. Assessment activity 2 2. 1 Scenario: You have been asked to conduct research on behalf of the organization for which you work. Why is desk research the first research you should undertake? Their relative low cost, they can be an efficient use of time and they avoid duplicating research that has already been undertaken by others. . 2 What desk research sources could you use to collect and organize data? Company reports Data from previous research 2. 3 Why should your desk research include the collection and analysis of data relative to the organization’s current and past performance? It will help aid in the development of useful and useable hypotheses, accurately targeting research, designing and developing research tools. There is no point gathering informat ion on the migration patterns of flamingos if the company is in the business of making clothes for the larger male. That is an absurd example, but if there are even subtle diversions between the company mission and your data gathering, you will be off track and have wasted energy and resources. Assessment Activity 3 Describe and explain the reporting formats that you have used or might follow when submitting desk research results. Normally each company has its own template but typically using chart and graphs besides tables and texts is a preferred way in most companies as it is clearer and more quickly understandable. Assessment activity 4 4. 1 Give 3 examples of hypotheses that you have used (or could use) when conducting market research. Salary packaging will increase loyalty and productivy at work Uncontrolled media undermines democratic government Plain packaging will not reduce the sales of cigarette. 4. 2 How do these hypotheses help to focus the research? A hypothesis will help to focus your research. It will help to guide the development of a research project and aid you in determining the direction you need to take and the questions to which you need answers. Assessment activity 5 5. 1 Why might a researcher choose to conduct qualitative research rather than quantitative research? Qualitative analysis provides information on how customers perceive a business, how they rate it in comparison to competitors and whether they plan to buy the organization products/services in the future. Also dealing with opinions, attitudes and behavior. 5. 2 Which method/s might be used to collect the data and why would you consider these to be the most appropriate? Processes used to collect customer information can include questionnaire surveys, face-to-face, written, and electronic or telephone survey methods; observational surveys; focus groups; product test results; retail audits. Data can also be collected, via desk research, from government organizations such as the Bureau of Statistics, the Census Bureau, from media companies, chambers of commerce, other research organizations or from university databases. 5. 3 What groups would you target and why? Customers, previous customers, stakeholders are often the target in a research, but it always depends on the information the company requests on its research. 5. 4 Explain what a measure of central tendency is and how it is used in analyzing market research data. Are measures used to locate the middle points of a distribution. The mean (average-obtained from adding all variables and dividing by the number of variables used), median (variable at the centre of the range) and mode (most frequently occurring variables are measures of central tendency). They serve to identify the points between the extremes. As an example, if a survey asked users of a certain product their age, measures of central tendency help to determine the typical age of the user. The youngest might be 10 years and the oldest 70. However, the values in between these extremes are the most useful for the marketer. Knowing that the mean (or average) age is 32, the median 34 and the mode 31, 32 and 35, indicate that typical age of a user is early thirties. Assessment activity 6 Complete the following table Method for collecting your data| Circumstance for choosing this method| Reason for choosing this method| Telephone survey| Large number of responses to a small number of questions required in a short period of time. | Efficiency and low cost per response. Responses can be qualified if necessary and data entry is immediate. | Focus group  | Effective when qualitative data is required. Can be expensive but can provide effective results. | Effective results and efficient scribe. | Formal questionnaires  | Inexpensive way to gather responses from a large number of respondents. | Effectively and can gather information to correlate performance and satisfaction among different groups of users. | Simple observational survey| Simplistic methods of conducting market research. | Can provide valuable and useful data. Determine who purchases what from where. | Mystery shopping observation  | Actual experience of the service| Is needed from a trained observer| Product testing  | New product valuation| Opinions for improvement| Informal discussion and feedback forms. | Gives you a simple and quickly answers. | Efficiently way and cheap processes which gives you answers in a short time. | Assessment activity 7 Why is it essential that market research plans demonstrate that they will collect information that will enable clear identification of customer needs, wants and expe ctations? It can be used to identify problems, strengths, potential markets, needs for change or to forecast sales of new or improved products/services. You read "Mkt Research" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" Customer focus is essential for success in the highly competitive markets of today. It should demonstrate to the organization exactly what is their customers or potencial customers require of them. Assessment activity 8 amp; 9 8/9a Explain how you might identify respondents for a product/ service survey. You can identify thru some surveys, segments and samples, questionnaires, focus groups and research such as: Geographic segmentation; Demographic segmentation; Psychographic segmentation; Beliefs and values; Lifestyle segmentation; stage of life; 8/9b Which of the following are relevant in identifying and selecting respondents for marketing research Respondent Characteristic| On a scale of 1-5 where 1 is important and 5 is not important – rate the importance (circle or make bold or delete unselected #)| A customer|      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5| A potential customer|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5| Not a customer|   1  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  5| Was selected at random| 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5| Was a stakeholder| 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5| Required an incentive to bother| 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5| Was interested| 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5| Had the time and was available| 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5| Was someone who disliked the products| 1     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5| Assessment activity 10 Why is preparation of facilities and equipment in readiness for the research procedure important? Preparation is the key to effective data collection. Staff should be fully informed about what is required, must be appropriately trained and must be supplied with the necessary resources. Assessment activity 11 11. 1 What reports might an organization ask to be submitted after the surveying process has been completed? What types of information would the report contain? Written responses, verbal recordings, e-mail, postal results or data and sets of numbers collected as a result of focus groups or testing groups. Information like- numbers of respondents; ease with which respondents were contacted; -ease with which respondents were encouraged to participate; -ease with which respondents were able to use the survey format;   -numbers of responses in various information collection categories; – suitability of the survey questions and other resources; -costs applicable to the survey ; – a general assessment of the success of the survey; -problems or issues that were identified during the research   -suggestions for improvements to the research process. 11. 2 How might survey tools be kept confidential and accessible only to authorized people? Safe Locks on door Passwords Assessment activity 12 12. What procedures should be followed to check the quality of the data collected during market research? Quality of the data collect will have to be considered and will include: Quantity, Type of responses and Depth of responses. Ask: – Did the survey questions elicit the necessary data? –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is there enough significant and useful data to support or reject the original hypotheses? –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Were the respondents properly targeted? –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Were respondents correctly qualified? –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is the data useful and does it meet its intended purpose? –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Can the data be easily analyzed to produce the necessary information? 12. 2 Why are quality checks necessary? The quality of the data should be checked as early as possible because decisions depend on valid and reliable data. Data quality can be assessed in several ways, using different types of analyses: frequency counts, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and median), normality (skewness, kurtosis, frequency histograms, normal probability plots), associations (correlations, scatter plots). Other initial data quality checks are: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Checks on data cleaning: have decisions influenced the distribution of the variables? The distribution of the variables before data cleaning is compared to the distribution of the variables after data cleaning to see whether data cleaning has had unwanted effects on the data.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Analysis of missing observations: are there many missing values, and are the values missing at random? The missing observations in the data are analyzed to see whether more than 25% of the va lues are missing, whether they are missing at random (MAR), and whether some form of imputation (statistics) is needed. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Analysis of extreme observations: outlying observations in the data are analyzed to see if they seem to disturb the distribution. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comparison and correction of differences in coding schemes: variables are compared with coding schemes of variables external to the data set, and possibly corrected if coding schemes are not comparable. Assessment activity 13 Select a market research project from your experience or elsewhere. Explain how the data for this project was aggregated and summarised and why it is necessary to summarise the data. Answer is enterprise and experience dependent so use an example: We had done a random sampling with our product which is a Brazilian meat. So we go to a night clubs early night and offer some of our product to customers and give them a sample of our meat and also a voucher which gives them the opportunity to come to our restaurant and enjoy our food with 20 % off discount. So when them coming back to the restaurant we can analyze the number of respondents by noting the number of vouchers collected and wrote a report. Assessment activity 14 Describe software packages or filing systems that could be used to record and manage research data. (Suggest search of www for brand names) SPSS – is a computer program used for survey authoring and deployment, data mining, text analytics, statistical analysis and collaboration and deployment. MS Access – is a database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. Minitab – is a statistics package. Assessment activity 15 15. 1 Describe a format that might be commonly used in an organization to present research reports. Suggestion: search of www for examples) – Title page – shows name and type of study, date, who produced it and for whom – Table of contents – Executive summary – brief statement summarizing reports main points – Introduction – details research projects background and ob jectives – Research methods – strategies and techniques used and why – Study data – includes all relevant charts, diagrams, tables and study results – Recommendations / Conclusions – Appendices 15. 2 Under what circumstances might you use charts and graphs? Give examples of the data that might be represented by specific chart or graph formats. Most common are graphs, pie charts, tables, histogram, time line. To compare what’s the proposed now and what was the beginning of the research is important to use charts and graphs, also to determine whether the research has highlighted any threats, opportunities, weaknesses, problems associated with the product/service/company under review. 15. 3 Why is it a good idea to utilize charts, graphs and other visual presentations of data? They can easily show results and statistics data also show changes, percentages, compare 2 data sources and make clearly if you need any kind of changes. 15. 4 How can a force field analysis assist in presenting data relative to proposed change and how does market research data contribute to the analysis? In determining whether a change is necessary, list the forces the change and those opposing the change. Balance them against each other to determine the necessary outcome. This is very much like a pro’s and con’s list. It shows whether the forces for or conditions requiring change are greater than those for not changing. It is important to keep in mind that the purpose of the exercise is to make the information clear, unambiguous and easy to understand. 15. 6. To whom might an organizations research report and findings be submitted? Whoever asked for the research and anyone they said to give a copy to. 16: Additional Questions Create two Quantitative questions, one using a scale another using check boxes 1- How useful to you was the orientation session at the College? please circle the number that best represents your opinion) Extremely  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not at all Useful  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Useful   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2- Did you know that when you recommend the college to someone and they then enroll in a course you can receive a $300 finders bonus? Yes  Ã‚   ____  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No _____ Create two different qualitative questions 1 – Ca n you describe the orientation session at the college? 2 – How you feel about the money you receive for recommend the college? How to cite Mkt Research, Essays

Paul The Apostle Of The New Testament Religion Essay Essay Example

Paul The Apostle Of The New Testament Religion Essay Essay Paul the Apostle is one of the most of import people in the New Testament. He wrote more books in the New Testament than any other writer. This adult male did non get down out as the individual he was in the terminal nevertheless, for he was non ever a Christian or lover of them. For a individual to cognize who they are and where they come from is one thing, but to merchandise all one knows in for a different individuality, life, and faith is something else wholly. Paul lived a life that was life changing, every bit good as universe changing, to those he came into contact with. Paul was a really difficult and rugged adult male and would non hold made it through everything he encountered if it had non been for ; the manner he was raised as Saul, his transition to Christianity, and his ability to put the mission of God before his ain. We will write a custom essay sample on Paul The Apostle Of The New Testament Religion Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Paul The Apostle Of The New Testament Religion Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Paul The Apostle Of The New Testament Religion Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Paul was born as Saul in the metropolis of Tarsus, a commercial metropolis in Asia Minor, located non excessively far from the Mediterranean seashore. He more than probably was named after the first male monarch of Israel, King Saul. His female parent and male parent were Judaic, his male parent being a Pharisee from the household line of Benjamin, the boy of Jacob. Being born and raised in a topographic point like Tarsus made him cognizant of many other types of people from all walks of life. He encountered crewmans, soldiers, merchandisers, affluent and poverty afflicted people. He besides learned the trade of collapsible shelter doing while turning up in order to gain a nice life. In the tradition of the household during that clip, whatever the male parent did as a trade the boies did besides. The fabric industry of that twenty-four hours, which included collapsible shelter devising and outer garments, did a reasonably moneymaking profession back so due to the presence of the crew mans and soldiers normally necessitating shelter from the elements. Not merely was Saul born a Jew but he was besides a Roman citizen. No 1 knows for certain ; nevertheless it was Roman jurisprudence that if a individual was born free anyplace in the Roman Empire so they were Roman citizens. When males were born to Jewish parents they were dedicated to the service of God and brought up in really rigorous Jewish spiritual usage. Saul s female parent read the Torah to him until around age four or five and so his male parent became his instructor for a twelvemonth. By the clip he was about six old ages old he was taken to school to larn the instructions of Moses in Hebrew and Greek, memorising them as the instructor recited them. This took a batch of difficult work and concentration on a immature kid s portion but this is how serious his parents were about their tradition and spiritual belief. At 14 or 15 old ages old it was away to rabbinical school to analyze under Gamaliel, who was considered the maestro Rabbi. After analyzing under Gamaliel he became a Pharisee, for he said of himself in the bible ; Work force and brethren, I am a Pharisee, the boy of a Pharisee ( Acts 23:6 ) . ( Nelson ) In the passage of analyzing in Tarsus and so analyzing in Jerusalem, Saul discovered that to be a Pharisee meant something wholly different. He had learned that in Tarsus, it meant to detect the instructions of Moses and its readings by the Rabbi. In Jerusalem it meant to be a separationist and legalistic in your positions refering the Law. This is a major turning point in the life Saul. These work forces sought to ache or even kill anyone who opposed them or name them out on their incorrect making. This is the advanced instruction Saul now received and had a fire in his bosom to transport out this new criterion of belief and instruction, this belief system that exchanged the spirit of the jurisprudence for the missive of the jurisprudence. Unlike the individual he was a f ew old ages before he now becomes a deranged, heartless, spiritual overzealous that desires to destruct anyone that believes openly what is contrary to what he believes. He gets to the point where he non merely kills Christians but because of his deep hate for them, he besides rounds them up to convey them into the metropolis for anguish, amusement and athletics. He goes all out oppressing Christians for what he believes is right ; things like acquiring written permission to drag people from their places to convey them to Jerusalem ; until one twenty-four hours he has an experience on the Damascus route. ( Boyd ) While going from Jerusalem to Damascus on a mission to round up Christians, Saul had an experience he would neer bury. As he rode down the Damascus route, all of a sudden he fell off the Equus caballus he was siting and a bright visible radiation shined all around him. ( Acts 9:3-4 ) ( Nelson ) So bright in fact, that he was blinded by it. He heard a voice he thought to be a adult male but subsequently recognized that it was non a adult male but the really Christ he persecuted by oppressing the Christians. This was another major turning point in the life of Saul. He now goes from oppressing, killing, whipping, and tormenting Christians to going one. His sightlessness lasted for three yearss and so he was healed of his sightlessness by the puting on of custodies as it had been antecedently told to him. His name now is changed from Saul to Paul and he leaves Damascus and goes to Arabia in order to acquire to cognize the God of his redemption personally. He knows who God is by the missi ve of the written jurisprudence but now needs to cognize Him by the spirit, so he gets off for about three old ages to pass clip with God. After Paul returns to Damascus he proves custodies down that Jesus is the Messiah, merely like Jesus said He was, and the Jews at that place tried to kill him because he now preached the truth of the jurisprudence they knew and recited. Paul s get awaying with his life from this decease effort became the accelerator to him traveling from topographic point to topographic point and metropolis to metropolis distributing the Gospel. He was nevertheless, made an Apostle, and commissioned to prophesy the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, the Grecians and all the non Judaic people, and change over them to Christianity and non the Jews. ( Boyd ) Paul began to go on what is known as his missional journeys throughout Asia Minor meeting multiplex crises and near decease experiences. He forged really strong relationships with work forces and adult females of similar passion for God and His work every bit good as set uping many churches and put ining curates to supervise them as he traveled. He visited the churches he established and wrote letters to them when he could non physically be at that place. These letters came to be known as the Pauline epistles in the New Testament. These same letters serve today as way and counsel for holy life. Paul the Apostle was shipwrecked several times, attacked, arrested, beaten with rods, and left for dead ; yet persevered until he had accomplished his mission. Absolutely nil but decease would maintain Paul from carry throughing the fate that was his to finish and he did non gustatory sensation of decease until he knew he was ready. However, when the clip had come for him to decease they execu ted him. Normally, they would hold crucified him but it was improper to crucify a Roman citizen, so he was beheaded. Paul the Apostle was a great adult male in history and his life lives on through the pages of Holy Scripture. ( Boyd ) Citations Boyd, Robert T. Paul the Apostle. Iowa Falls: World Bible Publishers, 1995 Holy Bible: King James Version. Nashville: Nelson, 1999